Glen Thomas

Software / Platform Engineer

13 minute read Software Engineering

Managing multiple related packages and applications can quickly become a nightmare with traditional package managers. Enter pnpm workspaces – a powerful feature that transforms how we handle monorepos, offering superior performance, disk efficiency, and dependency management compared to npm or Yarn workspaces.

In this comprehensive tutorial, we’ll explore what pnpm workspaces are, why they’re game-changing for modern JavaScript development, and build a complete example monorepo from scratch.

What are pnpm Workspaces?

pnpm workspaces are a monorepo solution that allows you to manage multiple packages within a single repository while sharing dependencies efficiently. Unlike npm or Yarn, pnpm uses a unique content-addressable store that creates hard links to shared dependencies, dramatically reducing disk usage and installation time.

Key Benefits of pnpm Workspaces

  1. Disk Efficiency: Shared dependencies are stored once and linked across projects
  2. Fast Installations: Hard linking eliminates duplicate downloads and extractions
  3. Strict Dependency Management: Prevents phantom dependencies and version conflicts
  4. Seamless Hoisting: Intelligent dependency hoisting without the pitfalls
  5. Built-in Monorepo Support: No additional tools needed for workspace management

Why Choose pnpm Over npm/Yarn Workspaces?

Feature pnpm npm Yarn
Disk Usage Minimal (hard links) High (duplicates) High (duplicates)
Installation Speed Fastest Slow Moderate
Phantom Dependencies Prevented Possible Possible
Node Modules Structure Strict Flat (confusing) Flat (confusing)
Workspace Features Native Basic Good

Setting Up Our Example Monorepo

Let’s build a realistic monorepo with the following structure:

my-workspace/
├── apps/
│   ├── web-app/          # React frontend
│   ├── api-server/       # Node.js backend
│   └── mobile-app/       # React Native app
├── packages/
│   ├── ui-components/    # Shared React components
│   ├── utils/           # Shared utilities
│   └── api-client/      # API client library
├── tools/
│   └── eslint-config/   # Shared ESLint configuration
├── package.json
└── pnpm-workspace.yaml

See my GitHub repo for full source code: Mastering-pnpm-Workspaces-Monorepo-Management.

Step 1: Initialise the Workspace

First, ensure you have pnpm installed globally:

npm install -g pnpm
# or
curl -fsSL https://get.pnpm.io/install.sh | sh

Create the root directory and initialise:

mkdir my-workspace
cd my-workspace
pnpm init

Step 2: Configure Workspace Structure

Create the workspace configuration file:

# pnpm-workspace.yaml
packages:
  - 'apps/*'
  - 'packages/*'
  - 'tools/*'

Update the root package.json:

{
  "name": "my-workspace",
  "version": "1.0.0",
  "private": true,
  "scripts": {
    "build": "pnpm -r build",
    "test": "pnpm -r test",
    "dev": "pnpm -r --parallel dev",
    "lint": "pnpm -r lint",
    "clean": "pnpm -r clean",
    "type-check": "pnpm -r type-check"
  },
  "devDependencies": {
    "@types/node": "^20.0.0",
    "typescript": "^5.0.0",
    "tsup": "^7.0.0",
    "vitest": "^0.34.0"
  }
}

Step 3: Create Shared Packages

Shared Utilities Package

mkdir -p packages/utils
cd packages/utils
pnpm init

{
  "name": "@workspace/utils",
  "version": "1.0.0",
  "main": "./dist/index.js",
  "module": "./dist/index.mjs",
  "types": "./dist/index.d.ts",
  "exports": {
    ".": {
      "import": "./dist/index.mjs",
      "require": "./dist/index.js",
      "types": "./dist/index.d.ts"
    }
  },
  "scripts": {
    "build": "tsup src/index.ts --format cjs,esm --dts",
    "dev": "tsup src/index.ts --format cjs,esm --dts --watch",
    "test": "vitest",
    "clean": "rm -rf dist"
  },
  "devDependencies": {
    "typescript": "workspace:*",
    "tsup": "workspace:*",
    "vitest": "workspace:*"
  }
}

Create the utility functions:

// packages/utils/src/index.ts
export function formatCurrency(amount: number, currency = 'USD'): string {
  return new Intl.NumberFormat('en-US', {
    style: 'currency',
    currency,
  }).format(amount);
}

export function debounce<T extends (...args: any[]) => any>(
  func: T,
  wait: number
): (...args: Parameters<T>) => void {
  let timeout: NodeJS.Timeout;
  return (...args: Parameters<T>) => {
    clearTimeout(timeout);
    timeout = setTimeout(() => func.apply(this, args), wait);
  };
}

export function slugify(text: string): string {
  return text
    .toLowerCase()
    .replace(/[^\w\s-]/g, '')
    .replace(/[\s_-]+/g, '-')
    .replace(/^-+|-+$/g, '');
}

export interface ApiResponse<T = any> {
  data: T;
  success: boolean;
  message?: string;
}

export class Logger {
  private context: string;

  constructor(context: string) {
    this.context = context;
  }

  info(message: string, ...args: any[]): void {
    console.log(`[${this.context}] ${message}`, ...args);
  }

  error(message: string, error?: Error): void {
    console.error(`[${this.context}] ${message}`, error);
  }

  warn(message: string, ...args: any[]): void {
    console.warn(`[${this.context}] ${message}`, ...args);
  }
}

Add TypeScript configuration:

// packages/utils/tsconfig.json
{
  "extends": "../../tsconfig.json",
  "compilerOptions": {
    "outDir": "./dist",
    "rootDir": "./src"
  },
  "include": ["src/**/*"],
  "exclude": ["dist", "node_modules"]
}

UI Components Package

mkdir -p packages/ui-components
cd packages/ui-components
pnpm init

{
  "name": "@workspace/ui-components",
  "version": "1.0.0",
  "main": "./dist/index.js",
  "module": "./dist/index.mjs",
  "types": "./dist/index.d.ts",
  "exports": {
    ".": {
      "import": "./dist/index.mjs",
      "require": "./dist/index.js",
      "types": "./dist/index.d.ts"
    },
    "./styles": "./dist/styles.css"
  },
  "scripts": {
    "build": "tsup src/index.ts --format cjs,esm --dts --external react",
    "dev": "tsup src/index.ts --format cjs,esm --dts --external react --watch",
    "test": "vitest",
    "clean": "rm -rf dist"
  },
  "peerDependencies": {
    "react": "^18.0.0",
    "react-dom": "^18.0.0"
  },
  "dependencies": {
    "@workspace/utils": "workspace:*"
  },
  "devDependencies": {
    "@types/react": "^18.0.0",
    "@types/react-dom": "^18.0.0",
    "typescript": "workspace:*",
    "tsup": "workspace:*",
    "vitest": "workspace:*"
  }
}

Create reusable components:

// packages/ui-components/src/Button.tsx
import React from 'react';

export interface ButtonProps {
  variant?: 'primary' | 'secondary' | 'danger';
  size?: 'sm' | 'md' | 'lg';
  disabled?: boolean;
  loading?: boolean;
  children: React.ReactNode;
  onClick?: (event: React.MouseEvent<HTMLButtonElement>) => void;
}

export function Button({
  variant = 'primary',
  size = 'md',
  disabled = false,
  loading = false,
  children,
  onClick,
}: ButtonProps) {
  const baseClasses = 'inline-flex items-center justify-center font-medium rounded-md transition-colors';
  const variantClasses = {
    primary: 'bg-blue-600 text-white hover:bg-blue-700 disabled:bg-blue-300',
    secondary: 'bg-gray-200 text-gray-900 hover:bg-gray-300 disabled:bg-gray-100',
    danger: 'bg-red-600 text-white hover:bg-red-700 disabled:bg-red-300',
  };
  const sizeClasses = {
    sm: 'px-3 py-1.5 text-sm',
    md: 'px-4 py-2 text-base',
    lg: 'px-6 py-3 text-lg',
  };

  return (
    <button
      className={`${baseClasses} ${variantClasses[variant]} ${sizeClasses[size]}`}
      disabled={disabled || loading}
      onClick={onClick}
    >
      {loading && <div className="animate-spin mr-2 h-4 w-4 border-2 border-white border-t-transparent rounded-full" />}
      {children}
    </button>
  );
}

// packages/ui-components/src/Card.tsx
import React from 'react';

export interface CardProps {
  title?: string;
  children: React.ReactNode;
  className?: string;
}

export function Card({ title, children, className = '' }: CardProps) {
  return (
    <div className={`bg-white rounded-lg shadow-md border border-gray-200 ${className}`}>
      {title && (
        <div className="px-6 py-4 border-b border-gray-200">
          <h3 className="text-lg font-semibold text-gray-900">{title}</h3>
        </div>
      )}
      <div className="p-6">{children}</div>
    </div>
  );
}

// packages/ui-components/src/index.ts
export { Button, type ButtonProps } from './Button';
export { Card, type CardProps } from './Card';

API Client Package

mkdir -p packages/api-client
cd packages/api-client
pnpm init

{
  "name": "@workspace/api-client",
  "version": "1.0.0",
  "main": "./dist/index.js",
  "module": "./dist/index.mjs",
  "types": "./dist/index.d.ts",
  "scripts": {
    "build": "tsup src/index.ts --format cjs,esm --dts",
    "dev": "tsup src/index.ts --format cjs,esm --dts --watch",
    "test": "vitest",
    "clean": "rm -rf dist"
  },
  "dependencies": {
    "@workspace/utils": "workspace:*"
  },
  "devDependencies": {
    "typescript": "workspace:*",
    "tsup": "workspace:*",
    "vitest": "workspace:*"
  }
}

// packages/api-client/src/index.ts
import { ApiResponse, Logger } from '@workspace/utils';

export class ApiClient {
  private baseUrl: string;
  private logger: Logger;

  constructor(baseUrl: string) {
    this.baseUrl = baseUrl;
    this.logger = new Logger('ApiClient');
  }

  private async request<T>(
    endpoint: string,
    options: RequestInit = {}
  ): Promise<ApiResponse<T>> {
    const url = `${this.baseUrl}${endpoint}`;
    
    try {
      const response = await fetch(url, {
        headers: {
          'Content-Type': 'application/json',
          ...options.headers,
        },
        ...options,
      });

      if (!response.ok) {
        throw new Error(`HTTP error! status: ${response.status}`);
      }

      const data = await response.json();
      this.logger.info(`${options.method || 'GET'} ${endpoint} - Success`);
      
      return {
        data,
        success: true,
      };
    } catch (error) {
      this.logger.error(`${options.method || 'GET'} ${endpoint} - Error`, error as Error);
      return {
        data: null,
        success: false,
        message: error instanceof Error ? error.message : 'Unknown error',
      };
    }
  }

  async get<T>(endpoint: string): Promise<ApiResponse<T>> {
    return this.request<T>(endpoint);
  }

  async post<T>(endpoint: string, data: any): Promise<ApiResponse<T>> {
    return this.request<T>(endpoint, {
      method: 'POST',
      body: JSON.stringify(data),
    });
  }

  async put<T>(endpoint: string, data: any): Promise<ApiResponse<T>> {
    return this.request<T>(endpoint, {
      method: 'PUT',
      body: JSON.stringify(data),
    });
  }

  async delete<T>(endpoint: string): Promise<ApiResponse<T>> {
    return this.request<T>(endpoint, {
      method: 'DELETE',
    });
  }
}

export interface User {
  id: string;
  name: string;
  email: string;
  createdAt: string;
}

export interface Product {
  id: string;
  name: string;
  price: number;
  description: string;
}

export class UserService {
  constructor(private client: ApiClient) {}

  async getUsers(): Promise<ApiResponse<User[]>> {
    return this.client.get<User[]>('/users');
  }

  async getUser(id: string): Promise<ApiResponse<User>> {
    return this.client.get<User>(`/users/${id}`);
  }

  async createUser(userData: Omit<User, 'id' | 'createdAt'>): Promise<ApiResponse<User>> {
    return this.client.post<User>('/users', userData);
  }
}

Step 4: Create Application Packages

React Web App

mkdir -p apps/web-app
cd apps/web-app
pnpm init

{
  "name": "@workspace/web-app",
  "version": "1.0.0",
  "private": true,
  "scripts": {
    "dev": "vite",
    "build": "tsc && vite build",
    "preview": "vite preview",
    "test": "vitest",
    "clean": "rm -rf dist"
  },
  "dependencies": {
    "react": "^18.2.0",
    "react-dom": "^18.2.0",
    "@workspace/ui-components": "workspace:*",
    "@workspace/api-client": "workspace:*",
    "@workspace/utils": "workspace:*"
  },
  "devDependencies": {
    "@types/react": "^18.2.0",
    "@types/react-dom": "^18.2.0",
    "@vitejs/plugin-react": "^4.0.0",
    "typescript": "workspace:*",
    "vite": "^4.4.0",
    "vitest": "workspace:*",
    "autoprefixer": "^10.4.0",
    "postcss": "^8.4.0",
    "tailwindcss": "^3.3.0"
  }
}

Create a simple React app:

// apps/web-app/src/App.tsx
import React, { useState, useEffect } from 'react';
import { Button, Card } from '@workspace/ui-components';
import { ApiClient, UserService, User } from '@workspace/api-client';
import { formatCurrency, debounce } from '@workspace/utils';

const apiClient = new ApiClient('https://jsonplaceholder.typicode.com');
const userService = new UserService(apiClient);

function App() {
  const [users, setUsers] = useState<User[]>([]);
  const [loading, setLoading] = useState(false);
  const [searchTerm, setSearchTerm] = useState('');

  const debouncedSearch = debounce((term: string) => {
    console.log('Searching for:', term);
    // Implement search logic here
  }, 300);

  useEffect(() => {
    const loadUsers = async () => {
      setLoading(true);
      const response = await userService.getUsers();
      if (response.success) {
        setUsers(response.data.slice(0, 6)); // Limit to 6 users for demo
      }
      setLoading(false);
    };

    loadUsers();
  }, []);

  useEffect(() => {
    if (searchTerm) {
      debouncedSearch(searchTerm);
    }
  }, [searchTerm, debouncedSearch]);

  return (
    <div className="min-h-screen bg-gray-50 py-8">
      <div className="max-w-6xl mx-auto px-4">
        <h1 className="text-3xl font-bold text-gray-900 mb-8">
          pnpm Workspace Demo App
        </h1>
        
        <div className="mb-6">
          <input
            type="text"
            placeholder="Search users..."
            className="w-full max-w-md px-4 py-2 border border-gray-300 rounded-md focus:outline-none focus:ring-2 focus:ring-blue-500"
            value={searchTerm}
            onChange={(e) => setSearchTerm(e.target.value)}
          />
        </div>

        {loading ? (
          <div className="text-center py-8">
            <div className="animate-spin h-8 w-8 border-4 border-blue-500 border-t-transparent rounded-full mx-auto"></div>
            <p className="mt-2 text-gray-600">Loading users...</p>
          </div>
        ) : (
          <div className="grid grid-cols-1 md:grid-cols-2 lg:grid-cols-3 gap-6">
            {users.map((user) => (
              <Card key={user.id} title={user.name}>
                <div className="space-y-3">
                  <p className="text-gray-600">{user.email}</p>
                  <p className="text-sm text-gray-500">
                    Joined: {new Date(user.createdAt || Date.now()).toLocaleDateString()}
                  </p>
                  <p className="text-lg font-semibold text-green-600">
                    Value: {formatCurrency(Math.random() * 1000 + 100)}
                  </p>
                  <div className="flex space-x-2">
                    <Button size="sm" variant="primary">
                      View Profile
                    </Button>
                    <Button size="sm" variant="secondary">
                      Send Message
                    </Button>
                  </div>
                </div>
              </Card>
            ))}
          </div>
        )}
      </div>
    </div>
  );
}

export default App;

// apps/web-app/src/main.tsx
import React from 'react';
import ReactDOM from 'react-dom/client';
import App from './App';
import './index.css';

ReactDOM.createRoot(document.getElementById('root')!).render(
  <React.StrictMode>
    <App />
  </React.StrictMode>
);

Node.js API Server

mkdir -p apps/api-server
cd apps/api-server
pnpm init

{
  "name": "@workspace/api-server",
  "version": "1.0.0",
  "private": true,
  "scripts": {
    "dev": "tsx watch src/index.ts",
    "build": "tsup src/index.ts --format cjs",
    "start": "node dist/index.js",
    "test": "vitest",
    "clean": "rm -rf dist"
  },
  "dependencies": {
    "express": "^4.18.0",
    "cors": "^2.8.0",
    "@workspace/utils": "workspace:*",
    "@workspace/api-client": "workspace:*"
  },
  "devDependencies": {
    "@types/express": "^4.17.0",
    "@types/cors": "^2.8.0",
    "typescript": "workspace:*",
    "tsup": "workspace:*",
    "tsx": "^3.12.0",
    "vitest": "workspace:*"
  }
}

// apps/api-server/src/index.ts
import express from 'express';
import cors from 'cors';
import { Logger, slugify } from '@workspace/utils';
import { User, Product } from '@workspace/api-client';

const app = express();
const logger = new Logger('ApiServer');
const PORT = process.env.PORT || 3001;

app.use(cors());
app.use(express.json());

// Mock data
const users: User[] = [
  { id: '1', name: 'John Doe', email: 'john@example.com', createdAt: '2024-01-15' },
  { id: '2', name: 'Jane Smith', email: 'jane@example.com', createdAt: '2024-01-20' },
  { id: '3', name: 'Bob Johnson', email: 'bob@example.com', createdAt: '2024-02-01' },
];

const products: Product[] = [
  { id: '1', name: 'Laptop', price: 999.99, description: 'High-performance laptop' },
  { id: '2', name: 'Phone', price: 699.99, description: 'Latest smartphone' },
  { id: '3', name: 'Headphones', price: 199.99, description: 'Wireless headphones' },
];

// Routes
app.get('/health', (req, res) => {
  res.json({ status: 'ok', timestamp: new Date().toISOString() });
});

app.get('/users', (req, res) => {
  logger.info('Fetching all users');
  res.json(users);
});

app.get('/users/:id', (req, res) => {
  const user = users.find(u => u.id === req.params.id);
  if (!user) {
    return res.status(404).json({ error: 'User not found' });
  }
  logger.info(`Fetching user ${req.params.id}`);
  res.json(user);
});

app.post('/users', (req, res) => {
  const { name, email } = req.body;
  const newUser: User = {
    id: (users.length + 1).toString(),
    name,
    email,
    createdAt: new Date().toISOString(),
  };
  users.push(newUser);
  logger.info(`Created user ${newUser.id}`);
  res.status(201).json(newUser);
});

app.get('/products', (req, res) => {
  logger.info('Fetching all products');
  res.json(products);
});

app.get('/products/search', (req, res) => {
  const query = req.query.q as string;
  if (!query) {
    return res.json(products);
  }
  
  const searchSlug = slugify(query);
  const filtered = products.filter(p => 
    slugify(p.name).includes(searchSlug) || 
    slugify(p.description).includes(searchSlug)
  );
  
  logger.info(`Searching products for: ${query}`);
  res.json(filtered);
});

app.listen(PORT, () => {
  logger.info(`Server running on port ${PORT}`);
});

Step 5: Shared Tools and Configuration

ESLint Configuration Package

mkdir -p tools/eslint-config
cd tools/eslint-config
pnpm init

{
  "name": "@workspace/eslint-config",
  "version": "1.0.0",
  "main": "index.js",
  "dependencies": {
    "@typescript-eslint/eslint-plugin": "^6.0.0",
    "@typescript-eslint/parser": "^6.0.0",
    "eslint": "^8.0.0",
    "eslint-plugin-react": "^7.33.0",
    "eslint-plugin-react-hooks": "^4.6.0"
  }
}

// tools/eslint-config/index.js
module.exports = {
  parser: '@typescript-eslint/parser',
  extends: [
    'eslint:recommended',
    '@typescript-eslint/recommended',
    'plugin:react/recommended',
    'plugin:react-hooks/recommended',
  ],
  plugins: ['@typescript-eslint', 'react', 'react-hooks'],
  rules: {
    '@typescript-eslint/no-unused-vars': 'error',
    '@typescript-eslint/no-explicit-any': 'warn',
    'react/react-in-jsx-scope': 'off',
    'react/prop-types': 'off',
  },
  settings: {
    react: {
      version: 'detect',
    },
  },
};

Step 6: Root Configuration Files

Create TypeScript configuration for the workspace:

// tsconfig.json
{
  "compilerOptions": {
    "target": "ES2020",
    "lib": ["DOM", "DOM.Iterable", "ES6"],
    "allowJs": true,
    "skipLibCheck": true,
    "esModuleInterop": true,
    "allowSyntheticDefaultImports": true,
    "strict": true,
    "forceConsistentCasingInFileNames": true,
    "moduleResolution": "bundler",
    "resolveJsonModule": true,
    "isolatedModules": true,
    "noEmit": true,
    "jsx": "react-jsx",
    "declaration": true,
    "declarationMap": true,
    "sourceMap": true,
    "baseUrl": ".",
    "paths": {
      "@workspace/*": ["./packages/*/src", "./apps/*/src"]
    }
  },
  "include": ["apps/**/*", "packages/**/*", "tools/**/*"],
  "exclude": ["node_modules", "**/dist", "**/build"]
}

Advanced pnpm Workspace Commands

Installation and Dependency Management

# Install dependencies for all packages
pnpm install

# Add a dependency to a specific package
pnpm add react --filter @workspace/web-app

# Add a dev dependency to all packages
pnpm add -D prettier --filter "*"

# Add a workspace dependency
pnpm add @workspace/utils --filter @workspace/api-server

Running Scripts

# Run build script in all packages
pnpm -r build

# Run dev script in parallel for all packages
pnpm -r --parallel dev

# Run script in specific package
pnpm --filter @workspace/web-app dev

# Run script in packages matching pattern
pnpm --filter "./apps/*" build

Advanced Filtering

# Run commands on packages that depend on @workspace/utils
pnpm --filter "...@workspace/utils" build

# Run commands on @workspace/utils and its dependents
pnpm --filter "@workspace/utils..." build

# Run commands on changed packages (requires git)
pnpm --filter "[HEAD^1]" build

Performance Benefits in Action

Let’s see the real impact of pnpm workspaces:

Disk Usage Comparison

# Traditional approach with separate repositories
npm install  # ~200MB per project × 6 projects = ~1.2GB

# With pnpm workspace
pnpm install  # ~250MB total (shared dependencies)

Installation Speed

# Cold install
time pnpm install  # ~15 seconds

# Subsequent installs (with cache)
time pnpm install  # ~2 seconds

Dependency Analysis

# Check which packages use specific dependencies
pnpm list react --depth=Infinity

# Audit dependencies across workspace
pnpm audit

# Check outdated packages
pnpm outdated

Best Practices and Tips

1. Use Workspace Protocol

Always use workspace:* for internal dependencies to ensure version consistency:

{
  "dependencies": {
    "@workspace/utils": "workspace:*"
  }
}

2. Organise by Purpose

Structure your workspace logically:

  • apps/ - Applications and services
  • packages/ - Reusable libraries
  • tools/ - Development tools and configs

3. Centralise Configuration

Share configuration files across packages:

  • Root tsconfig.json with package-specific extensions
  • Shared ESLint, Prettier, and test configurations
  • Unified build scripts in root package.json

4. Version Management

Use semantic versioning and consider tools like Changeset for version management:

pnpm add -Dw @changesets/cli
pnpm changeset init

5. CI/CD Optimisation

Leverage pnpm’s filtering for efficient CI/CD:

# .github/workflows/ci.yml
- name: Build affected packages
  run: pnpm --filter "[HEAD^1]" build

- name: Test changed packages  
  run: pnpm --filter "[HEAD^1]" test

Troubleshooting Common Issues

Phantom Dependencies

pnpm prevents phantom dependencies by default, but you might encounter issues:

# Check for phantom dependencies
pnpm audit --audit-level moderate

# Fix by adding missing dependencies
pnpm add missing-package --filter affected-package

Hoisting Issues

If you need to hoist specific packages:

# .pnpmrc
public-hoist-pattern[]=*eslint*
public-hoist-pattern[]=*prettier*

Version Conflicts

Handle version conflicts across workspace:

# Check version conflicts
pnpm list --depth=Infinity | grep conflict

# Resolve by updating to compatible versions
pnpm update --filter "*"

Conclusion

pnpm workspaces represent a significant evolution in JavaScript package management, offering superior performance, strict dependency management, and excellent monorepo support. By implementing the patterns shown in this tutorial, you’ll achieve:

  • 60-80% reduction in disk usage compared to traditional approaches
  • 3-5x faster installation times through intelligent caching and linking
  • Elimination of phantom dependencies and version conflicts
  • Streamlined development workflow across multiple related packages

The example workspace we’ve built demonstrates real-world patterns including shared utilities, UI components, API clients, and multiple applications all working together seamlessly. This foundation can scale to support enterprise-level monorepos with dozens of packages and applications.

Start small with a few related packages, then gradually expand your workspace as your project grows. The investment in setting up pnpm workspaces pays dividends in development velocity, dependency management, and build performance.

Happy coding with pnpm workspaces! 🚀

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